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Óˆàñ‡á-Ó‡-Ê‡áá¨‡Åí Ê‡ÞW‡ì Ÿ¨‡-ÈÓ‡Æá hˆãàÎ BW‡Å-Ö‡

ÃÝÑóà¿á »‡¨‡Åñˆ ÖÝW‡ã ËÍ‡Ì ±‡Ã‡í±‡-Ãˆ¿á ñÝ|-Ê‡®‡á° EÚ-Ó‡áÊ‡ Ó‡Æá-ÊÝX Óˆàñ‡á-Ó‡-Ê‡áá¨‡Åí Áãàg-®ˆ¿á Ê‡ÞW‡ì- Ÿ¨‡-È-Ó‡á-Ê‡íñˆ ¹hˆ² Ê‡ááSív‡ Ê‡áñ‡á¤ ÃÝgÂ-Ó‡»Ý Ó‡¨‡Ó‡Â vÝ.Ê‡áá-Ã‡Ú Ê‡á®ˆãà-Ö‡Ã‡ hˆãàÑ Pˆàí¨‡Å Ó‡PÝì-Ã‡-Ê‡®‡á° JñÝ¤-Àá--Ô-Ü¨ÝÃˆ.

±‡ÅhÝÊÝ~ ÊÝñˆì

¸ˆíW‡Ù‡ãÃ‡á: ÎàÅÆíPÝ ÖÝW‡ã ñ‡Ëá-Ù‡á-®Ý--w®‡ ÃÝÊˆáà-Í‡ÌÃ‡ ®‡v‡áÊˆ PˆçWˆ-£¤-PˆãíwÃ‡áÊ‡ Áãàg®ˆ-Àáí¨‡ ±‡ÅÁãà-g-®‡-Ë‰Æ. C¨‡-Äí¨‡ ±‡Ä-Ó‡-Ã‡PˆR ÖÝ¯, PˆàÃ‡-Ù‡-PˆR Ó‡á®ÝËá ¼à£ EípÝ-W‡-È¨ˆ Gí¨‡á Í‡¯-ÊÝÃ‡ ±‡£ÅPÝ-Wˆãà-Ñu¿á‰È A¼-±ÝÅ-¿á-±‡-orÃ‡á.

C¨‡-Äí¨‡ ÎàÅÃÝ-Ê‡á®‡ ®ˆàñ‡ê-ñ‡Ì-¨‡‰È ¯Ëáì-Ô-¨‡- Óˆàñ‡áÊˆ Ó‡Ö‡ ÖÝÙÝ-W‡á-ñ‡¤¨ˆ. Aíñ‡-Ã‡-ÃÝ-Ñóà¿á gÆ±‡Å¨ˆà-Í‡-¨‡ ŸÚ Ó‡Ê‡áá-¨‡Å-Ê‡®‡á° BÙ‡PˆR ñˆãàv‡á-Ê‡â-¨‡-Äí¨‡ ÃÝÑóà¿á »‡¨‡Å-ñˆWˆ «‡PˆR-¿ÞW‡á-ñ‡¤¨ˆ. P‡v‡-ÇÝY-Ê‡Æá ±‡vˆ ÖÝW‡ã ®èPÝ-±‡-vˆ¿áá PÝÆá-Êˆ-¿á®‡á° Av‡xÇÝX ÖÝ¨‡á-Öˆãà-W‡Æá ñˆãí¨‡-Ãˆ-¿ÞX ¨ˆàÍ‡PˆR A»‡-¨‡Åñˆ EípÝ-W‡á-ñ‡¤-¨ˆ Gí¨‡Ã‡á.

D Óˆàñ‡áÊˆ-¿á®‡á° G‰ÇÝ «‡Ê‡áì-¨‡-Ê‡Ã‡ã ±‡Ëñ‡Å »ÝÊ‡®ˆÀáí¨‡ PÝ|á-ñÝ¤Ãˆ. ×í¨‡á-W‡Ù‡á Óˆàñ‡á Ê‡áí©Ã‡, ÃÝÊ‡á Óˆàñ‡á Gí¨‡á P‡Ãˆ-¨‡Ãˆ, Ê‡ááÔÉ-Ê‡áÃ‡á B© Óˆàñ‡á-Êˆí¨‡á, QÅÎc¿á-®‡°Ã‡á Bv‡í Óˆàñ‡áÊˆ G®‡á°-Ê‡Ã‡á. AÊˆá--Ä-P‡¨‡ ®ÝÓÝ D Óˆàñ‡áÊˆ ÆPÝÒíñ‡Ã‡ Ê‡Ð‡ì Ö‡Ù‡ñ‡á Gí¨‡á A¼-±ÝÅ-¿á-±‡-qr¨ˆ. 1747, 1788, 1804Ã‡ ®‡PˆÒ-W‡Ù‡á Ó‡Ö‡ ¨ˆãÃ‡-P‡á-ñ‡¤¨ˆ. ñ‡íhÝ-Ê‡ä-Ä®‡ -Ó‡Ã‡-Ó‡Ì£ Ê‡áÖ‡Ç… W‡Åí¥Ý-Æ-¿á-¨‡-‰È¿áã Óˆàñ‡á-Êˆ¿á ¨ÝS-ÇˆW‡Ù‡á ¨ˆãÃ‡-P‡á-ñ‡¤¨ˆ. ±‡âÃÝ-ñ‡®‡ Óˆàñ‡á-Êˆ¿á®‡á° EÚ--Ô-Pˆã-ív‡á ËÍ‡Ì ±‡Ã‡í±‡-Ãˆ¿á ñÝ|-Êˆí¨‡á ÓÝÃ‡¸ˆà-P‡á Gí¨‡á BW‡Å-×-Ô¨‡Ã‡á.

AÊˆá--Ä-P‡¨‡ ×ñ‡- Óˆàñ‡áÊˆ¿á ¯Ê‡Þì-|¨‡ ×í©¨ˆ Gí¨‡á B±Ý-©-Ô-¨‡ hˆãàÑ, EÜ¨ˆà-ÎÔÃ‡áÊ‡ PÝÆáÊˆ PˆÆ-Ó‡-Ê‡®‡á° ¯‰È-Ó‡-©-Ü¨‡Ãˆ ¨ˆàÍ‡-¨Ý-¨‡Â-íñ‡ g®‡-hÝ-W‡ê£ Ê‡Þw ±‡Å£-»‡-o®ˆ ®‡vˆ-Ó‡-¸ˆà-PÝ-W‡á-ñ‡¤-¨ˆ Gí¨‡á Ga‡c-Ä--Ô-¨‡Ã‡á.

‘Áãàg-®ˆWˆ ¹hˆ² ËÃˆãà«‡ Ê‡ÂP‡¤-±‡-w-Ó‡á£¤‰Æ. B¨‡Ãˆ ñÝí£Å-P‡-ÊÝX ÓÝ«‡á-Ê‡-‰Æ¨‡ Áãàg-®ˆ-¿á®‡á° Ó‡§Xñ‡ Ê‡Þv‡¸ˆàP‡á. Áãàg-®ˆ-¿á®‡á° ñÝí£ÅP‡ Ó‡ËáàPˆÒ, ±‡Ä-Ó‡-Ã‡¨‡ ÊˆáàÇÝ-W‡áÊ‡ ÖÝ¯, Ó‡á®ÝËá ¼à£¿á ŸWˆY ÊˆçhÝn-¯P‡ Ó‡ËáàPˆÒ ®‡vˆ-Ó‡¨ˆ PˆçWˆ--£¤-Pˆã-Ù‡Û-ÇÝ-X¨ˆ’ Gí¨‡á B±Ý-©--Ô-¨‡Ã‡á.

Ó‡á®ÝËá ±‡ÄOÝ-Ê‡á-Ê‡®‡á° A«‡Â-¿á®‡ Ê‡Þv‡Æá ±‡Å«Ý®‡ Ê‡áí£Å-W‡Ù‡ P‡aˆàÄ ®ˆàËá--ÔÜ¨‡ ±ˆä‹.q.-G-Ó….Ê‡áã-£ì AÊ‡Ã‡á ¯àw¨‡ Ga‡c-ÄPˆ-¿á®‡á° Ó‡í±‡ä-|ì-ÊÝ-X ¯Æì-QÒÓ‡-ÇÝ-X¨ˆ Gí¨‡á A¼-±ÝÅ-¿á-±‡-orÃ‡á. DW‡ ñˆãàv‡á-£¤-Ã‡áÊ‡ hÝW‡-¨‡‰È A|á--Ë-Q-Ã‡| Ó‡ãÓ‡áÊ‡ ¥ˆãàÄ¿áí C¨ˆ. Ê‡ááí©®‡ ©®‡¨‡ Í‡Q¤¿á ŸívÝ-Ã‡-ÊÝ¨‡ D Ó‡§Ù‡-Ê‡®‡á° EÚ--Ô-Pˆã-Ù‡Û-¸ˆàP‡á. C‰È AWˆ-¿áá-ËPˆ Ê‡ááí¨‡á-Ê‡-Ãˆ-¨‡Ãˆ ÊÝñÝ-Ê‡-Ã‡-|PˆR ËQ-Ã‡| ÓˆàÃ‡áÊ‡ ÓÝ«‡Â-ñˆ-Àá¨ˆ Gí¨‡á Ga‡c-Ä-Ô-¨‡Ã‡á.

¯Ëáì-Ó‡á-£¤-Ã‡áÊ‡ PÝÆáÊˆ-¿á‰È ¨ˆãv‡x ±‡ÅÊ‡Þ-|¨‡ Ö‡v‡W‡á ÓÝW‡Æá ÓÝ«‡ÂÊÝ-W‡á-Ê‡â-©‰Æ. C¨‡Äí¨‡ ÊÝ~gÂ ±‡ÅÁãà-g®‡ BW‡á-Ê‡â-©‰Æ. Cíñ‡Ö‡ PÝÆá-Êˆ-¿á®‡á° ¿ÞÃ‡ Ó‡Æ-Öˆ¿á ÊˆáàÇˆ PˆçWˆ-£¤Pˆã-Ù‡ÛÇÝ-X¨ˆ G®‡á°-Ê‡â-¨‡®‡á° Ó‡³Ð‡r±‡--w-Ó‡-È Gí¨‡á BW‡Å-×--Ô-¨‡Ã‡á. WˆãàÑu-¿á‰È ¹hˆ² ÃÝgÂ Zo-P‡¨‡ Ê‡PÝ¤Ã‡ GÓ….Ó‡áÃˆàÍ… P‡áÊ‡ÞÃ…, -®‡-W‡Ã‡ Zo-P‡¨‡ A«‡Â-P‡Ò ¹.G®…. Ëg¿å… P‡áÊ‡ÞÃ… ÖÝW‡ã ÍÝÓ‡P‡ BÃ….-Ã‡Zá E±‡--Ô§-ñ‡-Ä-Ü¨‡Ã‡á.