ÓÝ̼ʇޮ‡¨‡ Ÿ¨‡áQWˆ, ±‡Å£Á㟺Ç Ëʈàa‡®ˆWˆ ÎP‡Ò|Êˆà ¯gÊݨ‡ AÓ‡÷ Gí¨‡á AÄñ‡áPˆãív‡á B͇Åʇá ʇáñ‡á¤ «‡Ê‡áì ±Ýs‡ÍÝLjW‡Ù‡®‡á° ñˆÃˆ¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇá. ®‡ãÃÝÇá P‡áoáíŸW‡ÚWˆ Pˆç©àËWˆ¿Þ¨‡ ͈orÇá AP‡ÒÇ P‡ÈÓ‡áʇ⨇Ç ʇáãÆP‡Êˆà ÓÝʇÞiP‡ PÝÅí£ Ê‡Þw¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á. C¨‡á AʇÇ PÝ¿áP‡¨‡ P‡áÄñ‡ AP‡ÒÇ ®ˆãào.

AP‡ÒÇ ʇíbñ‡ ×í¨‡á-Ú¨‡ Ӈʇáá-¨Ý-¿áPˆR Jí¨‡ã-ʇÈ ͇ñ‡-ʇÞ-®‡¨‡ ×í¨ˆÁáà ÓˆÉàoá& ŸÙ‡±‡ ¯àw AP‡Ò-ÃÝ-»ÝÂÓ‡ P‡È-Ô¨‡ ÖÝW‡ã B g®‡Ã‡ Ó‡íÓ‡¢-£¿á Bñ‡¾-Wè-Ç-ʇ-ʇ®‡á° G£¤ ×w-¿áá-ʇâ-¨‡Ã‡ ʇáãÆP‡ Ÿ¨‡á-P‡áʇ Bñ‡¾ ËÍÝÌ-Ó‡-ʇ®‡á° ŸÆ-±‡w-Ô-¨‡-Ê‡Ã‡á ‘g-®ˆãà-±‡-PÝ-Ä’ ¹Ã‡á-¨ÝíQñ‡ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ ͈orÇá.

1840®ˆà ´ˆŸÅÊ‡Ä 3 Ã‡í¨‡á ¸ˆíW‡Ù‡ãÄ®‡ WÝ~W‡Ã‡ ±ˆàpˆ¿á WÝ~W‡ g®ÝíW‡¨‡ ®‡ígáív‡±‡³ ¨‡í±‡£W‡ÚWˆ g¯Ô¨‡ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇá I¨‡®ˆà¿á ʇ¿áÔÕWˆ P‡ãÈ Ê‡ás‡¨‡‰È A. B. C. D P‡È¿ááʇ ʇáãÆP‡ AP‡ÒÇ PÝÅí£Wˆ bʇáá¾ Ö‡ÆWˆ¿Þ¨‡Ã‡á.

AP‡ÒÇ P‡È¿ááñ‡¤Çˆà Ÿí¨‡á Cwà g®‡ Ӈʇáá¨Ý¿á¨‡ E®‡°£¤Wˆ AW‡ñ‡ÂÊݨ‡ bíñ‡®ˆW‡Ù‡á, P‡®‡Ó‡á& B͈ãàñ‡¤Ã‡W‡Ù‡ DvˆàÄÓ‡Æá ¸ˆàPݨ‡ ÓÝíÓ‡¢£P‡ ÓˆãÿàoPˆR ñÝ£ÌP‡ Ó‡ÌÇ㱇 ¯àw PÝÙ‡i ÖÝW‡ã ±ÝÅʇÞ~P‡ñˆÀáí¨‡ ¨‡áw¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á.
Ö‡Ôʇâ, A±‡Ê‡Þ®‡, AӇʇޮ‡ñˆW‡Úí¨‡ ñ‡ñ‡¤ÄÔ¨‡ P‡ñ‡¤Æ LjãàP‡¨ˆãÙ‡PˆR ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ ͈orÇ Pˆç¿á ¸ˆÃ‡Ù‡áW‡Ù‡á AP‡ÒÇ a‡Æ®ˆWˆ CÚ¿áᣤܨ‡íñˆÁáà P‡áoáíŸPˆR ŸÙ‡áʇڿÞX Ÿí¨‡ GOˆ¡ ÊݱÝÇʇ®‡á° ʇÞv‡áñ‡¤ ®‡ãÃÝÇá P‡áoáíŸW‡ÚWˆ Pˆç©àËWˆ¿Þ¨‡Ã‡á. «‡Ê‡áì ʇÞW‡ì¨‡‰È W‡ÚÔ¨‡ Ö‡|PˆR ¸ˆÇˆ ŸÃ‡áÊ‡â¨‡á ¨Ý®‡¨‡ ʇáãÆP‡Êˆà Gí¨‡Äñ‡á g®‡ P‡ÇÝÂ| PÝÇÂW‡Ù‡ñ‡¤ ʇááS ʇÞw¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇá.

1898 Ç‰È ¸ˆíW‡Ù‡ãÃ‡á ®‡W‡Ã‡¨‡‰È PÝ~ÔPˆãív‡ ±ˆÉàW… ÈãàW‡PˆR AʇÇ ʇáW‡®ˆà ŸÈ¿Þ¨‡. C¨‡PˆR «‡ê£Wˆv‡¨‡ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇá ÓÝʇìg¯P‡Ã‡®‡á° ±ˆÉàW…¯í¨‡ ŸaÝʇâ ʇÞv‡Æá DX®‡ PˆãàÇʇáíW‡Æ¨‡ ŸÚ CÇáʇ ʈíP‡pݱ‡âǨ‡‰È W‡áwÓ‡ÆáW‡Ù‡®‡° ¯ËáìÔ B ÈãàW‡PˆR ñ‡áñݤ¨‡ ÈãàXW‡Ù‡®‡á° GÇv‡á ʇЇì PÝÆ A®Ý°ÖÝÇ ¯àw ÈãàW‡©í¨‡ ʇááP‡¤WˆãÚÔ¨‡Ã‡á. ®‡W‡Ã‡¨‡ ¹à©W‡Ù‡‰È Ãݣſá ʈàÙˆ¿á‰È Ÿ¨‡áP‡á£¤Ü¨‡Ê‡ÄWˆ AʇÄWˆ £Ú¿á¨‡íñˆ ʇáÆX¨‡Ê‡ÄWˆ ÇW‡áYW‡Ù‡®‡á° Öˆã©Ô W‡íi ¯àw ʇå讇 Öˆhˆj ÖÝQ ÖˆãàW‡á£¤Ü¨‡Ã‡á. ÖÝWˆÁáà ¨‡®‡P‡Ã‡áW‡ÚWˆ ¯àÇá P‡áw¿áÆá ¨ÝÄ¿ááܨ‡P‡ãR AÇʇqrWˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° ¯ËáìÔ Êˆáà¿áÆá WˆãàʇÞهʇ®‡á° ¯ËáìÔ W‡áív‡á ñˆãేâW‡Ù‡®‡á° ®ˆorÇá.
ÓÝ̼ʇޮ‡¨‡ Ÿ¨‡áQWˆ, ±‡Å£Á㟺Ç Ëʈàa‡®ˆWˆ ÎP‡Ò|Êˆà ¯gÊݨ‡ AÓ‡÷ Gí¨‡á AÄñ‡áPˆãív‡ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇá B͇Åʇá ʇáñ‡á¤ «‡Ê‡áì ±Ýs‡ÍÝLjW‡Ù‡®‡á° ñˆÃˆ¿áÆá bí£Ô¨‡Ã‡á.

1902 Ç‰È Aí©®‡ ʈáçÓ‡ãÇá Ó‡íÓݧ®‡¨‡ ÃÝg Jvˆ¿áÃÝXܨ‡ ®ÝÆÌw P‡êЇ¡ÃÝhˆàí¨‡ÅÇá PÝÆ Ê‡áñ‡á¤ ¨ˆà͇W‡Ù‡  Ëá£W‡ÙˆãÙ‡Wˆ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ PÝÅí£PÝÄà B͇¿áW‡Ù‡®‡á° PÝ¿áì Ç㱇PˆR CÚÔܨ‡Ã‡ ±‡ÄOÝʇáÊÝX ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ ʈáàÆá¾S a‡Æ®ˆWˆ PÝÇ|ÊÝÀáñˆ®‡°ŸÖ‡á¨‡á C¨‡®‡á° ʇᮇW‡ív‡ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ ͈orÇá DX®‡ Pˆ.BÃ…. ʇÞÇáP‡pˆr¿á ʇááí»ÝW‡¨‡‰È ʇááÙ‡áÛ P‡íqW‡Úí¨‡ Bʇêñ‡ÊÝXܨ‡ hÝW‡¨‡‰È ÃÝgÑì ®ÝÆÌw¿áʇÇ A®‡áʇᣠ±‡vˆ¨‡á ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ʇᮈ¨ˆàʇÃݨ‡ ÎÅà ÆQÒš¾à®‡Ã‡ÔíÖ‡®‡ ֈӇÇ‰È «‡Ê‡áì ±Ýs‡ÍÝLj BÇí¼Ô¨‡Ã‡á.

D «‡Ê‡áì ±Ýs‡ÍÝLjWˆ Ó‡Ìñ‡@ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÈà PˆãàÇÝÇ i‰Çˆ ¸ˆíW‡Ù‡ãÇá Ó‡áñ‡¤Ê‡ááñ‡¤È®‡ PˆíWˆàÄ, ¹v‡©, ÖˆãÓ‡Pˆãàpˆ, Pˆ.BÃ…. ±‡âÇW‡ÚWˆ »ˆàq ¯àw Ÿv‡Ê‡áP‡RÙ‡®‡á° AʇÇ ñ‡í¨ˆ& ñÝÀá¿áʇÄWˆ £ÚÖˆàÚ «‡Ê‡áì±Ýs‡ ÍÝLjWˆ P‡Ãˆñ‡í¨‡á AʇÇ ʈáç£QR ÓÝ°®‡Ê‡ÞwÔ A®‡° ʇӇ÷ ¯àw Ebñ‡ÊÝX ˨ݨݮ‡ ʇÞw P‡P‡áRÇÝ£¿á ¯àÇá Ö‡ÄÔ ±ˆäàÑÔ¨‡Ã‡á.

D G‰ÇÝ Zo®ÝʇÚW‡Ù‡á ʇޮ‡Ê‡ Z®‡ñˆWˆ ±‡Ã‡ÊÝX ¯íñ‡ ®ÝÆÌw¿áʇÇ QËWˆ ¹Ü¨‡á 18®ˆà APˆãràŸÃ… 1907 Ã‡í¨‡á ʈáçÓ‡ãÇá AÇʇᮈWˆ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇ®‡á° Bñ‡¾ ËÍÝÌÓ‡¨ˆãí©Wˆ ŸÃ‡Ê‡ÞwPˆãív‡á ¨‡Ó‡ÃÝ ¨‡¸ÝìÄ®‡‰È ‘g®ˆãేPÝÄ’ ¹Ã‡á¨‡®‡á° ¯àw W‡ív‡¸ˆàÇáív‡ bÖˆ° Öˆãí©¨‡ b®‡°¨‡ ±‡¨‡P‡Ê‡®‡á° ÃÝgʇáÃݨˆW‡Ùˆãí©Wˆ ¨‡¿á±ÝÈÔ WèÇËÔ¨‡Ã‡á.

D ®‡v‡áʈ ʈáçÓ‡ãÇá ʇáÖÝÃÝgÇá g®‡ P‡ÇÝÂ|PÝRX ¯àw¨‡ hÝW‡Ê‡®‡á° Aí©®‡ ©ÊÝ®‡Ãݨ‡ ʈ㨇ʇÃÝÊ… ¨ˆãv‡x|¡®‡Ê‡ÄWˆ £Ú¿á¨‡íñˆ Jñ‡á¤Ê‡Ä ʇÞv‡áñݤÈ. C¨‡Äí¨‡ ʇޮ‡ÔP‡ B[Ýñ‡PˆR JÙ‡Wݨ‡ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡®‡Ê‡Ã‡á ¿ÞÄW‡ã ʇÞ×£ ¯àv‡¨ˆ PÝÎWˆ ñˆÃ‡Ù‡áñݤÈ. D ʇÞ×£ £Ú¨‡ ®ÝÆÌw¿áʇÇá Sáܨ‡á Pˆ.BÃ…. ʇÞÇáP‡pˆr ±‡Å¨ˆà͇PˆR BW‡ËáÔ Ó‡ñ‡Â¨‡ ¨‡Í‡ì®‡ ʇÞwPˆãÙ‡áÛñݤÈ. C¨‡PˆR PÝÇ~໇ãñ‡Ãݨ‡ ©ÊÝ®‡Ã‡®ˆ° Ó‡§Ù‡¨‡‰ÈÁáà Qñˆ¤Óˆ¿ááñݤÈ.

±‡ÅhÝ PˆÒàʇáʈà EÔÇá Gí¨‡á £Ú¨‡ ®ÝÆÌw¿áʇÇá PÝÎWˆ Ë͈àЇ ñ‡ív‡ P‡Ù‡á×Ô AʇÇ®‡á° ŸÃ‡Ê‡ÞwPˆãív‡á B¨‡ Zo®ˆWˆ P‡Òʈá¿ÞbÓ‡áñݤÈ. D ±‡ÅP‡Ã‡|©í¨‡ Gaˆcñ‡á¤Pˆãív‡ ®ÝÆÌw¿áʇÇá DW‡ ËPˆãràÄ¿Þ BÓ‡³ñˆÅ G¨‡áÇá CÇáʇ Bíg®ˆà¿áÓÝÌËá ¨ˆàʇÓݧ®‡¨‡ Ó‡áñ‡¤ ʇááñ‡¤ CÇáʇ hÝW‡ ñˆãàÄÔ g®ˆãేPÝÄ¿áʇÈà C‰È GЇár GP‡Ãˆ hÝW‡Ê‡®Ý°¨‡Ã‡ã ñÝʇâ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ÎP‡Ò| Ó‡íÓˆ§W‡ÚWˆ ±‡vˆ¿áŸÖ‡á¨ˆí¨‡á Ë®‡í£Ô¨‡Ã‡á. Öˆa‡ác BÓˆ ±‡v‡¨ˆ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡Ã‡á ñ‡Ê‡áWˆ AW‡ñ‡ÂÊÝX ¸ˆàPÝXܨ‡ 5 GP‡Ãˆ hÝW‡ ±‡vˆ¨‡á B hÝW‡¨‡‰È 1915 Ç‰È ÎÅà.Æ.®‡. ˨Ý ӇíÓˆ§W‡Ù‡®‡á° BÇí¼Ô¨‡Ã‡á.

B Ó‡§Ù‡PˆR Aí¨‡á ŸÖ‡á ±ÝÅʇááSÂñˆ Cñ‡á¤. 1917 Ç‰È IÈÉív… ¨ˆà͇¨‡ A¯¸ˆÓˆíp… ÇʇÇá A‰ÈWˆ »ˆàq ¯àw ¦¿Þ-ÓÝ-µ-P‡-Ç… ÓˆãÓˆçq (The theosopical society of India) Ó‡íÓݧ²Ô¨‡Ã‡á. DW‡ ŸÓ‡Ê‡®‡W‡áw¿á‰È ŸêÖ‡ñݤX ¸ˆÙˆ¨‡á ¯í£Ã‡áʇ ®ÝÂЇ®‡¿å… ÖˆçÓ‡ãRÆ Êˆãor ʈ㨇Æá BÃ‡í»‡Wˆãíwܨ‡á ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ ͈orÇ GÓ….GÇ….G®…. BʇÇ|¨‡‰È. ñ‡¨‡®‡íñ‡Ã‡ A¨‡á Ó‡§ÙÝíñ‡Ã‡Wˆãíwñ‡á.

1918 Ç ֈ㣤Wˆ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇ P‡®‡ÓÝXܨ‡ D ®ˆÆ¨‡ P‡or P‡vˆ¿á ʇᮇáЇ¯W‡ã AP‡ÒǨ‡ ʇáãÆP‡ Ëʈãàa‡®ˆ GíŸ ñÝ£ÌP‡ Ԩݜíñ‡ ´‡ÈÓ‡ñˆãv‡Xñ‡á. ÓÝíÓ‡¢£P‡, ±‡Ã‡í±‡Ãˆ W‡qrWˆãÚÓ‡¸ˆàPˆí¨‡á ŸêÖ‡ñ… Ó‡»ÝíW‡|ʈäí¨‡®‡° ¯ËáìÓ‡áñݤÈ. DW‡ A¨‡á ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ ÖÝÇ… BX ±‡Äʇ£ìñ‡ÊÝX¨ˆ. B PÝÆPˆR A¨‡á ¸ˆíW‡Ù‡ãÄ®‡ ŸÖ‡á ¨ˆãv‡x BP‡Ð‡ìP‡ Pˆàí¨‡ÅÊÝXñ‡á¤. ±‡ÅʇááS ÓÝíÓ‡¢£P‡ ӇʇÞʈà͇PˆR D Ó‡»ÝíW‡| ÓÝQÒ¿ÞÀáñ‡á. ©ÊÝ®… ӇÅ.Gí.Ë. ¿áÊ‡Ã‡á ®ˆãŸÇ… ±‡Å͇Ԥ Ëhˆàñ‡ P‡Ë ÇËàí¨‡Å®Ý¥… pÝW‡ãÃ… ÖÝW‡ã »ÝÇñ‡¨‡ PˆãàXLj ӇÈãài¯ ®ÝÀáv‡áÇ®‡á° C‰È ʈáçÓ‡ãÇá Ó‡PÝìǨ‡ ±‡Ã‡ÊÝX Ó‡ñ‡RÄÔ¨‡Ã‡á.

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×àWˆ ͈ãàÑñ‡ Ӈʇáá¨Ý¿áW‡Ù‡á ӇʇÞg¨‡ ʇááSÂÊÝׯWˆ ÓˆàÇáʇíñˆ Z®‡ Eܨˆà͇¨‡ ´‡ÆÓ‡ê£ Eív‡ ¨ˆãv‡x|¡Ã‡á ®ÝÆÌw¿áʇÇ ÓÝʇÞiP‡ ±‡Äʇñ‡ì®Ý a‡Ù‡áʇÚWˆ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ A±‡äʇì Pˆãv‡áWˆ PˆãorʇÇá. 1920Ç CÚʇ¿áÔÕ®‡‰È Ó‡®ÝÂÓ‡ ÔÌàP‡ÄÔ 1921®ˆà BW‡Ó…r 5 Ã‡í¨‡á CևLjãàP‡ ñ‡ÂiÔ¨‡Ã‡á. Aí©®‡ ʈáçÓ‡ãÃ‡á ©ÊÝ®‡ÃÝXܨ‡ ӇÅËáhÝì CÓݾÀáÇ… ʈáçÓ‡ãÇá Ó‡PÝìǨ‡ WèÇʇ¨ˆãí©Wˆ Ó‡íÓÝRÇ ʇááXÔ¨‡Ã‡á.

Aí¨‡á ¨ˆãv‡x|¡®‡Ê‡Ã‡á BÇí¼Ô¨‡ B͇Åʇá, «‡Ê‡áì±Ýs‡ÍÝLj, ÎP‡ÒP‡ ñ‡Ã‡¸ˆà£ PÝLjàgá ÖÝÓ‡rÇ…,  ±èÅy‡ÍÝLj, ±‡¨‡Ë PÝLjàgá G‰Æʇä iàʇíñ‡ÊÝX, ˜àʇáíñ‡ÊÝX ñ‡Çˆ G£¤ ¯íñ‡á ÓÝËÃÝÇá ʇáí© A»ÝW‡ÂÄWˆ ˨ݨݮ‡, A®‡°¨Ý®‡ ¯àw Cí¨‡á ÓÝ¥‡ìP‡ Óˆàʈ ʇÞv‡á£¤Êˆ.

Cí¨‡á ´ˆŸÅÊ‡Ä 3 ¨ˆãv‡x|¡ÍˆorÇ g®‡áʇᩮ‡ ÎÅà Æ,®‡, Ó‡íÓˆ§Àáí¨‡ E±‡P‡êñ‡Ãݨ‡Ê‡Ãˆ‰ÆÇã ÓˆàÄ ‘ӇÇӇ̣ ±‡âÇáЇ’¯Wˆ ʈ织ʇ©í¨‡ Ö‡áoár Ö‡Ÿº Ba‡ÄӇᣤܨÝÈ.