A×íÓÝñ‡áÇ GíŸ ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° ÖˆàWˆ ¸ˆà±‡ìwÔ ®ˆãàv‡¸ˆàPˆí¨‡á ÖˆãÆ®‡W‡¨ˆª (E.P‡)¿á i.BÃ….ÖˆW‡vˆ PˆàڨݪÈ. D ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° AʇÇá G‰È ®ˆãàw¨‡Ãˆãà £Ú¿á¨‡á. B¨‡Ãˆ P‡®‡°v‡ ±‡£ÅPˆW‡Ù‡‰È a‡ÇÝʇOˆWˆ ŸÃ‡á£¤Ã‡áʇ ±‡¨‡ Ça‡®ˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° ®ˆãàw¨‡Ãˆ Cíñ‡Ö‡¨ˆãí¨‡á Ça‡®ˆ P‡ív‡áŸí©Ü¨‡Ãˆ Aa‡cÄÁáà¯‰Æ (hÝ×àÃÝñˆãí¨‡Ã‡‰È A±‡ä|ì GíŸá¨‡PˆR Ÿ¨‡ÇÝX A±‡ä£ì GíŸ ±‡¨‡ ŸÙ‡Pˆ¿ÞX¨ˆ). A& GíŸ ¯Ðˆà«‡ Ó‡ãa‡P‡ ±‡Åñ‡Â¿áʇ®‡á° ŸÙ‡Ô ÖˆãÓ‡ ±‡¨‡W‡Ù‡®‡á° P‡oárʇ⨇á P‡®‡°v‡¨‡‰È hÝÄ¿á‰È¨ˆ. A×íÓÝñ‡áÇ ±‡¨‡Ã‡a‡®ˆ¿á®‡á° A×íÓˆ+Bñ‡áÇ Gí¨ˆãà A+×íÓÝñ‡áÇ Gí¨ˆãà Jvˆ¿áÆá ŸÃ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. A¥‡ì¨‡ ¯qr®‡‰È GÇv‡®ˆ¿á ŸWˆ Öˆa‡ác Ó‡Ä. HPˆí¨‡Ãˆ BW‡ ×íÓÝñ‡áÇ (=×íÔÓ‡Æá ñ‡á©WÝÈ®‡‰È ¯í£Ã‡áʇ) GíŸ Ã‡a‡®ˆ¿á A¥‡ìʇ®‡á° ¯Ðˆà˜Ó‡Æá A&±‡Åñ‡Â¿áʇ®‡á° ÓˆàÄÔ¨‡íñÝX¨ˆ. BW‡ ×íÔÓ‡Æá Ÿ¿áÓ‡¨‡ GíŸ A¥‡ìʇ®‡á° A×íÓÝñ‡áÇ ±‡¨‡Ã‡a‡®ˆWˆ ¯àv‡Æá ÓÝ«‡Â. H®ˆà BW‡È ÓèP‡¿á쨇 ®ˆÇˆ¿á‰È Cíñ‡Ö‡ Ça‡®ˆW‡Ù‡á P‡¹º|¨‡ P‡v‡ÇˆW‡Ùˆà Ó‡Ä.

Pˆãv‡áWˆ ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° PˆãwWˆ Gí¨‡á ŸÃˆ¿ááʇ⨇á ӇĿá‰Æʈà? C¨‡á ʇáãv‡á¹¨‡Ä¿á GÓ….£±ˆ³àÓÝÌËá¿áʇÇ ±‡Å͈°. ®Ýʇâ Jí¨‡á ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° ®‡áw¿ááʇ⨇P‡ãR A¨ˆà ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° ŸÃˆ¿ááʇ⨇P‡ãR Öˆãí¨Ý~Pˆ GЈãrà ʈàÙˆ CÇáʇ⩉Æ. A¥‡ÊÝ Jí¨ˆà ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° Jí¨‡QRíñ‡  Öˆa‡ác ŸWˆ¿á‰È ŸÃˆ¿áᣤÇáñˆ¤àʈ. Ö‡ÔÇá, Ö‡Ó‡áÇá; EÔÇá, EÓ‡áÇá; a‡Ù‡Ê‡Ú, a‡Ù‡áÊ‡Ú Cʈà ʇááíñݨ‡Ê‡â E¨ÝևÇOˆW‡Ù‡á. D HÇ᱈àÄWˆ ®‡Ê‡á¾ EaÝcÇOˆ¿á‰È PˆÆʇâ PÝÇ|W‡Úʈ¿Þ¨‡Ãˆ, ®‡Ê‡á¾ »ÝЈ ¸ˆÙˆ¨‡ Ÿí¨‡ ÖÝ©¿á‰È PˆÆʇâ PÝÇ|W‡ÚÇáñ‡¤Êˆ. P‡®‡°v‡ ±‡¨‡W‡Ù‡‰È GÇv‡QRíñ‡ Öˆa‡ác Ó‡ÌÇW‡Ú¨ÝªW‡ Êˆã¨‡Æ Ó‡ÌÇ ʇÞñ‡Å ñ‡®‡° a‡Ö‡Ãˆ¿á®‡á° EaÝcÇOˆ¿á‰È ÖÝWˆÁáà EÚÔPˆãÙ‡áÛñ‡¤¨ˆ. A¨‡Ã‡ ŸÙ‡Pˆ ŸÃ‡áʇ Ó‡ÌÇW‡Ù‡á ¸ˆàÈ ¸ˆàÈ PÝÇ|W‡Úí¨‡ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ a‡Ö‡Ãˆ¿á®‡á° P‡Ùˆ¨‡áPˆã‰Æáʇ ÓÝ«‡Âñˆ C¨ˆ. PˆÆʈäʈᾠӇÌÇW‡Ù‡®‡á° ®Ýʇâ EaÝcÇOˆ¿á‰È ¹oár ¹v‡áʇ⨇ã Eíoá. ŸÙ‡±‡& ŸÙ‡³, bW‡áÇá& bW‡áÅ. B¨‡Ãˆ AʇâW‡Ù‡®‡á° ŸÃˆ¿ááÊÝW‡ G‰ÆÄW‡ã J²³Wˆ¿ÞW‡áʇ Ç㱇ʈäí¨‡®‡á° EÚÔPˆãÙ‡Û¸ˆàPÝW‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. ÓÝʇޮ‡ÂÊÝX ¯ZíoáW‡Ù‡á D Ç㱇W‡Ù‡®‡á° ¨ÝSÈÓ‡áñ‡¤Êˆ.

®ÝËàW‡ W‡Ê‡á¯Ó‡á£¤Ã‡áʇ Pˆãv‡áWˆ/PˆãwWˆ hˆãàw¿á‰È C®‡ã° Jí¨‡á Ӈʇáӈ C¨ˆ. Ö‡ÙˆW‡®‡°v‡¨‡‰È -Wˆ GíŸ ±‡Åñ‡Â¿áʇ®‡á° QÅ¿ÞÇ㱇W‡ÚWˆ Ö‡£¤Ô¨ÝW‡ ÔW‡á£¤¨‡ª Ç㱇W‡ÚWˆ Ó‡í»Ýʇ®Ý¥‡ìËÇᣤñ‡á¤. E¨Ý. P‡oárWˆ,(=P‡orÈ), ®ˆÆÓ‡áWˆ( =®ˆÆÓ‡È), ʈáoárWˆ(= ʈáorÈ). D ¯qr®‡‰È ®ˆãàw¨‡Ãˆ Pˆãv‡áWˆ Gí¨ÝW‡ Pˆãv‡È GíŸ A¥‡ì ŸÃ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. B¨‡Ãˆ DW‡ &Wˆ ±‡Åñ‡Â¿áPˆR D PˆÆӇˉÆ. A¨‡Ã‡ Ÿ¨‡Æá ®ÝËàW‡ -AÈ GíŸ ±‡Åñ‡Â¿áʇ®‡á° ŸÙ‡Ó‡á£¤¨ˆªàʈ. ÖÝWÝX PˆãwWˆ, Pˆãv‡áWˆ GíŸ Ã‡ã±‡W‡Ù‡ ®‡v‡áʈ A¥‡ì ʇÂñÝÂÓ‡ËÇáÊ‡â¨‡á ®‡Ê‡áWˆ WˆãñݤW‡áʇ⩉Æ.

¸ˆíW‡Ù‡ãÄ®‡ BÃ…. ±‡ÅPÝÍ… G£¤Ã‡áʇ Ӈʇáӈ Pˆãía‡ ¸ˆàÈ¿ÞX¨ˆ. ֈӇĮ‡ ʇááí¨ˆ WèÇʇӇãa‡P‡ÊÝX AʇÇá, ®‡Ê‡Ã‡á, ÇʇÇá, ¿áʇÇá ʇááíñÝX ŸÃˆ¿ááñˆ¤àʇ‰Æʈà? C¨‡Ã‡‰È ¿Þʇ⨇á Ó‡Ä G®‡á°Ê‡â¨‡á AʇÇ ±‡Å͈°. WèÇʇ Ó‡ãbÓ‡Æá ֈӇĮ‡ ʈ㨇Æá ÎÅà/ÎÅàʇᣠʇááíñݨ‡ ±‡¨‡W‡Ù‡®‡á° ÓˆàÄÓ‡áʇ⨇á ÊÝwPˆ. C¨‡Ã‡ hˆãñˆWˆ ֈӇĮ‡ Pˆã®ˆWˆ AʇÇá GíŸ ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° ÓˆàÄÓ‡áʇ⨇á Db®‡ ¸ˆÙ‡Ê‡~Wˆ. Çá, W‡Ù‡á GíŸ GÇv‡á ŸÖ‡áʇa‡®‡ ±‡Åñ‡Â¿áW‡Ù‡®‡á° PˆÆʇÇá ֈӇÇáW‡Ù‡ ʇááí¨ˆ WèÇʇӇãbÓ‡Çˆí¨‡á ÓˆàÄÓ‡áʇ⨇áíoá. ¨ˆàʈWèv‡Ã‡á, P‡ƒÐ‡¡ÍˆorÇá, ®‡Ã‡ÔíÖ‡ÓÝÌËáW‡Ù‡á ʇááíñݨ‡ E¨ÝևÇOˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° W‡Ê‡á¯Ô. Cíñ‡Ö‡ P‡vˆW‡Ù‡‰È ֈӇÇáW‡Ù‡ Pˆã®ˆWˆ ÊÝXìP‡W‡Ùˆí¨‡á W‡áÇá£Ó‡ÇÝW‡áʇ Wèv‡, ͈qr, ÓÝÌËá ±‡¨‡W‡ÚÇáʇ⨇Äí¨ÝX Çá/W‡Ù‡á W‡Ù‡®‡á° ÓˆàÄÓ‡Æá BW‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ.

ŸÄ¿á ֈӇĨ‡ªÃˆ ÓÝʇޮ‡ÂÊÝX D ӈేìvˆ ÓÝ«‡ÂÊÝW‡áʇ⩉Æ.  AʇÇá GíŸ WèÇʇӇãa‡P‡ ±‡¨‡ A¨‡á CÇáʇíñˆÁáà ʇÂíg®Ýíñ‡ ֈӇÇáW‡Ù‡ ʇááí¨ˆ ÓˆàÇáÊ‡í£¨ˆ. (ÔíW… AʇÇá, a‡í¨‡Ã… AʇÇá, ʈᮇ®… AʇÇá ×àWˆ) C¨‡á BPÝÇ©í¨‡ Pˆã®ˆWˆãÙ‡áÛʇ ֈӇÇáW‡ÚW‡ã Öˆãí¨‡áʇ ¯¿áʇá. E¨Ý. ÃÝhÝ AʇÇá, a‡í¨ÝÅ AʇÇá, ÃÝOÝ AʇÇá. D ʇÂíg®Ýíñ‡ ֈӇÇáW‡Ù‡ ʇáñ‡á¤ BPÝÃÝíñ‡ ֈӇÇáW‡Ù‡ ʇááí¨ˆ PˆÆʈäʈᾠÇʇÇá Gí¨‡ã ÖˆàÙ‡áʇ⨇á/ŸÃˆ¿ááʇ⨇á Eíoá. ×àWˆ ʇÞv‡Æá ¿Þʇ⨈à PÝÇ|W‡Ú‰Æ.  Çá GíŸ WèÇʇӇãa‡P‡ ±‡Åñ‡Â¿áʇ®‡á° ʈ㨇Æá ÓˆàÄÔPˆãív‡á ŸÚP‡ ʇáñˆã¤Êˆá¾ AʇÇá GíŸá¨‡®‡á° P‡ãwÓ‡áñ‡¤Æã Cǟևᨇá. C¨‡á FÖˆ ʇÞñ‡Å.
C®‡á° ֈӇÇáW‡Ù‡á CPÝÇ C‰Æʈà G PÝÇ©í¨‡ Pˆã®ˆ¿ÞX¨‡ªÃˆ BW‡ ¿áʇÇá Ç㱇 PÝ| ÔW‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. E¨Ý. WÝ혿áʇÇá, ®‡í©¯¿áʇÇá, ¸ˆàí¨ˆÅ¿áʇÇá, ÈWÝvˆ¿áʇÇá ×àWˆ. C‰È P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ Ӈ혯¿áʇáʈäí¨‡á CÇáʇíñˆÁáà ŸÙ‡Pˆ¿ÞX¨ˆ.( A+C/G=¿á). ®‡Ê‡Ã‡á Ç㱇ʇ®‡á° A±‡³, A¿áÂ, Aʇá¾, A|¡, AP‡R Gí¨‡á Pˆã®ˆWˆãÙ‡áÛʇ ֈӇÇáW‡Ù‡ ʇááí¨ˆ ŸÙ‡Ó‡áʇíñˆ ñˆãàÇᣤ¨ˆ. Ô¨‡œÈíW‡¿á®‡Ê‡Ã‡á, ÃÝʇá¿á®‡Ê‡Ã‡á, ±‡âorʇᾮ‡Ê‡Ã‡á, ŸÓ‡Ê‡|¡®‡Ê‡Ã‡á ʇááíñݨ‡ Ç㱇W‡Ù‡®‡á° W‡Ê‡á¯Ô.

×àX¨‡ªÃ‡ã D G‰Æ Ç㱇W‡Ù‡ ŸÙ‡Pˆ¿á ¯¿áʇáW‡Ù‡®‡á° ñ‡²³‰Æ¨‡íñˆ ÖˆàÙ‡ÇÝX¨ˆ G®‡á°Ê‡í£‰Æ. HPˆí¨‡Ãˆ D ŸÙ‡Pˆ C®‡ã° P‡®‡°v‡¨‡‰È ®ˆÇˆWˆãíw‰Æ. A‰Æ‰È ¯¿áʇáW‡Ù‡®‡á° ËáàÇáʇ ŸÙ‡PˆW‡Ù‡ã PÝ| ÔW‡áʇ⨇áíoá. ®‡Ê‡á¾ ÍÝLj ÊÝÂP‡Ã‡|W‡Ù‡á Cíñ‡Ö‡ ŸÙ‡PˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° H®‡®‡ã° £ÚÓ‡©Ã‡áʇ⨇ã C¨‡PˆR Jí¨‡á PÝÇ|.