Ó‡áʇÞÇá Gíoá ¨‡Í‡-P‡-W‡Ù‡ ×í¨ˆ DX®‡ ±ÝQ-Óݤ-®‡-¨‡-‰È-Çáʇ ‘Aí©®‡ »ÝÇ-ñ‡-’¨‡ ʇááÇݤ®… ±‡Å¨ˆà-͇¨‡ P‡¹à-Ã…-ÊÝ-ƨ‡ ÃÝ¿å…-±‡âÇ WÝÅʇá-¨‡‰È ʇáǨ‡ ®ˆÃ‡-Ú-®‡‰È ®‡vˆ-¿áá-£Ü¨‡ HPˆãà-±Ý-«ÝÂ¿á ‘ÍÝ-Lj-’-¿á‰È ×í©- AB-CD P‡Èñ‡ B Ÿv‡ Ö‡áv‡áW‡ DW‡ ʇÁãà-ʇꨇœ.

P‡Ùˆ¨‡ Ÿá«‡-ÊÝÇ CʇÇá Aʈá-Ä-PÝ-¨‡-‰È-Çáʇ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ¯ÊÝ-Ó‡-¨‡‰È Ӈܩ-‰Æ¨ˆ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ 85®ˆà Ö‡áoár-Ö‡Ÿº Ba‡-Ä-Ô-Pˆãív‡Ã‡á. ×àWˆ ®‡ãÃÝÇá ʇáí© ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ Ö‡áoár-Ö‡-Ÿº¨‡ PˆàP… P‡ñ‡¤-Ä-Ó‡á-£-Çá-ñݤÈ. B¨‡Ãˆ ʈ㮈° Ö‡áoár-Ö‡Ÿº Ba‡-Ä-Ô-Pˆãív‡ ևÇ-Wˆãà-Ëí¨‡ SáÃÝ®‡ Aí£í¥‡-ʇ-ljÆ, AÓÝ-ʇޮ‡Â.

ʇᮇá-P‡á-ƨ‡ ʇáqrWˆ iàÊÝ|á Ó‡íŸí˜à Ó‡í͈ãà-«‡-®ˆ¿áá P‡Ùˆ¨‡ ͇ñ‡-ʇÞ-®‡¨‡ 60Ç ¨‡Í‡-P‡-¨‡‰È EaÝf†¿á-Ô§-£-¿á-‰Èñ‡á¤. ¿ááÈãà±…, Aʈá-Ä-P‡-W‡-Ù‡‰È D ¯qr®‡ Ó‡í͈ãà-«‡-®ˆ-W‡Ù‡á ±ˆç±ˆäà-q-Àáí¨‡ ®‡vˆ-¿áá-£Ü¨‡Ê‡â. BW‡ B ±‡ÅQÅ-Áá-¿á‰È ñ‡Ê‡á¾¨ˆà B¨‡ A®‡®‡Â ¨Ý±‡â-WÝ-Æá-W‡-Ù‡-¯°-Ä-Ô¨‡ ևÇ-Wˆãà-Ëí¨‡ SáÃÝ®‡  ʈ稇Â-Qà¿á ʇáñ‡á¤ iàʇ-QÅ¿Þ ÍÝÓ‡÷PˆR Ó‡íŸí˜-Ô-¨‡íñˆ ®ˆã¸ˆÇ… ±‡Å͇-Ô¤-¿á®‡á° ñ‡Ê‡á¾-¨Ý-X-Ô-Pˆãíwܨ‡á P‡wʈá ÓÝ«‡®ˆ H®‡‰Æ.

iàʇ-Pˆãà-͇-¨ˆã-Ù‡-X®‡ A£Ó‡ãP‡Òš¾-Êݨ‡ C®ˆã°í¨‡á Pˆãà͇ʇâ Ë»‡-g-®ˆ-Wˆã-Ù‡áÛ-ÊÝ-X®‡ ñ‡íñ‡á-W‡Ù‡ hÝv‡á ×w¨‡á ʇí͇-ÊÝ-×-W‡Ù‡ ʈáàLjÁáà ±‡ÅÁãàW‡ ®‡vˆ-Ôܨ‡ ևÇ-Wˆãà-Ëí¨‡ SáÃÝ®‡ AʇÇ Aí©®‡ Ó‡í͈ãà-«‡-®ˆ-W‡Ù‡á ®‡íñ‡Ã‡ hˆçËP‡ ËhÝn-®‡¨‡ Gñ‡¤-Ǩ‡ ÓÝ«‡-®ˆ-W‡-ÚWˆ ʇáÖ‡-ñ‡Ì-±‡ä|ì Aw-±Ý-¿á-W‡-ÙÝ-¨‡Ê‡â. ×àWÝ-XÁáà CʇÇá 1968Ç‰È ʇÞЇìÇ… ¯Ãˆ-®…-ŸW…ì ʇáñ‡á¤ ÃÝŸp…ì Öˆã‰Çˆ Aʇ-Èãí©Wˆ ®ˆã¸ˆÇ… ±‡Å͇-Ô¤-¿á®‡á° Ö‡íb-Pˆãív‡Ã‡á.

SáÃÝ®‡ Ö‡áqrܨ‡á 1922Ç g®‡-Ê‡Ä 9Ã‡í¨‡á Gí¨‡á ¨ÝS-Lj-W‡-Ù‡-‰È¨ˆ. AʇÇ ʇáP‡RÙ‡á, B£¾à-¿á-È-‰ÆÇã A¨ˆà ©®‡ AʇÇ Ö‡áoár-Ö‡-Ÿº-ʇ®‡á° Ba‡-Ä-Ó‡á-ñݤÈ. ‘B-¨‡Ãˆ B PÝÆ-¨‡‰È ®Ý®‡á Ö‡áqr¨‡ ©®‡-ʇ®‡á° ŸÃˆ©-qr-ÇLjà C‰Æ. ®Ý®‡á Ö‡áqr¨‡ Ö‡ÚÛ-¿á‰È Aíñ‡Ö‡ Ó‡í±‡Å-¨Ý-¿áʈà CÇ-È‰Æ ®ˆãàw. ÍÝÇÝ ¨ÝS-Lj-WÝX Ó‡êÑr-Wˆãív‡ Ö‡áqr-¨‡ ©®‡Ë-¨‡á’ Gí¨‡á Ó‡Ìñ‡@ SáÃÝ®‡ ×í¨ˆãʈᾠֈàÚ-Pˆãíw-ܨÝÈ!

CʇÇá Ö‡áqrܨ‡ ÃÝ¿å…-±‡â-Ç-ÊˆíŸ P‡áWÝÅ-ʇá-¨‡‰È AP‡Ò-Ç-Ó‡§Ãˆà CÇ-È-‰Æʇíñˆ. ®‡ãÇá g®‡-Äܨ‡ B WÝÅʇá-¨‡‰È ևÇ-Wˆãà-Ëí¨‡Ã‡ ñ‡í¨ˆÁáà AÑrЇár K©-Pˆãíw-ܨ‡-ʇÇá. ×àWÝX CʇÇ ñ‡í¨ˆ B FÄ®‡‰È ñˆÄWˆ Ó‡íW‡Å×Ô Ó‡PÝìÇPˆR P‡oárʇ E¨ˆãÂàW‡Ê‡®‡á° ¯Ê‡ì×Ӈᣤܨ‡Ã‡á. AʇÇá B E¨ˆãÂàW‡¨‡ ®‡v‡áʈ¿áã ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ®ÝÆÌÇá ʇáP‡RÚWˆ ʇᮈ¿á‰ÈÁáà Jí¨‡Ð‡ár ŸÃ‡Ö‡ P‡ÈÔܨ‡Ã‡á. A¨ˆà ʈàÙˆWˆ B FÄWˆãŸºÃ‡á ʈáàЇáó Ÿí¨‡á A‰Çˆãí¨‡á ʇáǨ‡w ʇáP‡RÚWˆ ±Ýs‡ ÖˆàÚ Pˆãv‡á£¤Ü¨‡Ã‡á.

CʇâW‡Ùˆ‰Æ¨‡Ã‡ ®‡v‡áʈ¿áã ևÇWˆãàËí¨‡Ã‡á ʇááÇݤ®…®‡ wGË ÖˆçÓ‡ãRÈ®‡‰È K©, ÇÝÖˆãàÃ…®‡‰È 1943Ç‰È ¹GÓ…Ô ±‡¨‡Ë, 1945Ç‰È ±‡íhݸ… Ë͇Ì˨ݯƿá©í¨‡ ÃÝÓݿᮇÍÝÓ‡÷¨‡‰È ÓÝ°ñ‡Pˆãàñ‡¤Ã‡ ±‡¨‡Ë W‡ÚÔ¨‡Ã‡á. BW‡ CʇÄWˆ E®‡°ñ‡ ÊÝÂÓ‡íW‡ ®‡vˆÓ‡ÈPÝRX BX®‡ »ÝÇñ‡ Ó‡PÝìǨ‡ ˨ݦì ʈàñ‡®‡ ÔQRܨ‡á, CʇÇá CíWˆÉív…®‡ Èʇű‡äÇ… Ë͇Ì˨ݯƿáPˆR ñˆÃ‡Ú 1948Ç‰È ²Ga…w ±‡¨‡Ë W‡ÚÔ¨‡Ã‡á.

ʇáñˆã¤í¨‡á ʇЇì gãÂÄa…®‡‰È hˆçËP‡ ÃÝÓݿᮇÍÝÓ‡÷¨‡‰È Öˆbc®‡ ÊÝÂÓ‡íW‡ ®‡vˆÔ »ÝÇñ‡PˆR ×í£Ã‡áX¨‡Ã‡á. BW‡Ðˆrà »ÝÇ-ñ‡PˆR ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé ÔQRñ‡á¤. CʇÇá Eñ‡¤Ê‡á PˆÆ-Ó‡-PÝRX ¿á£°-Ô-¨‡Ã‡á. Pˆã®ˆWˆ ¨ˆÖ‡È ËË-¿á‰È E±‡-®ÝÂ-Ó‡P‡ ʇ꣤-WÝX Ó‡‰È-Ôܨ‡ Aiì P‡ãv‡ £Ã‡-Ó‡¢-ñ‡-Wˆãíwñ‡á.

ևÇ-Wˆãà-Ëí¨‡Ã‡á ʇáñˆ¤ CíWˆÉív…Wˆ Êݱ‡-ÓÝ-¨‡Ã‡á. 1950Äí¨‡ GÇv‡á ʇЇì-W‡Ù‡ PÝÆ PÝÂí¹Åv…j Ë.Ë.¿á‰È PÝ¿áì ¯Ê‡ì×Ô¨‡ CʇÇá, 1952Äí¨‡ 60Çʇ-ÈWˆ ÊÝíPˆãà-ʇ-Ã…®‡ ¹ÅqÐ… PˆãÆí¹¿á Ë͇Ì-Ë-¨ÝÂ-¯-Æ-¿á-¨‡‰È Ó‡í͈ãà-«‡®ˆ ʇááí¨‡á-ʇ-Ä-Ô-¨‡Ã‡á. 1960Ç‰È CʇÇá Aʈá-Ä-P‡PˆR ñˆÃ‡Ú ʇÞÂw-Ó‡-®…®‡ ËÓÝR-¯ÕÓ… ËË-¿á‰È Jí¨‡á ¨‡Í‡-P‡¨‡ PÝÆ PˆÆÓ‡ ʇÞw-¨‡Ã‡á. 60Ç ¨‡Í‡-P‡-¨‡-‰ÈÁáà CʇÇá Aʈá-ÄP‡ ±èÇ-ñ‡Ì-ʇ®‡á° ±‡vˆ-¨‡á-Pˆãív‡Ã‡á.

1974Äí¨‡ 1980Çʇ-ÈWˆ ®‡ã¿Þ-P…쮇 PÝ®ˆìÇ… ËË-¿á‰È ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ñ‡ív‡ P‡qr-Pˆãív‡á Ó‡í͈ãà-«‡®Ý ʇáW‡°-ÃÝ-¨‡Ã‡á. P‡Ùˆ¨‡ PˆÆʇ⠨‡Í‡-P‡-W‡-Úí¨‡ Aʇ-ÄWˆ ËÍÝÅí£ G®‡á°-ʇ⨈à C‰Æ. ʈáÓÝa‡á-Óˆp…Õ C®…Õ-qoãÂp… B´… pˆPÝ°-Æ-i-¿á‰È iàʇ-ÍÝ-Ó‡÷- ʇáñ‡á¤ ÃÝÓÝ-¿á®‡ ÍÝÓ‡÷-W‡Ù‡ ‘×-Ä-¿á’ ±Ýūݱ‡-P‡-ÃÝ-X-ܨ‡á-Pˆãív‡á, ¯ñ‡Âʇä Ó‡í͈ãà-«‡-®ˆ-¿á‰È ñ‡‰Èà-®‡-ÃÝ-X-ܨÝÈ.

D ®‡v‡áʈ CʇÇá 1952Ç‰È ÔÌoj-Ã…-Ljív…®‡ GÓ‡¤Ã… GÈ-g-¸ˆñ… ÔŸÉÃ… Aʇ-Ç®‡á° ʇᨇá-ʈ-¿Þ-Xܨ‡á, D ¨‡í±‡-£Wˆ gãÈ¿á GÈ-g-¸ˆñ…, GËáÈ B®ˆ°, vˆàÊ… ÃÝ¿å… GíŸ Ê‡áãʇÇá ʇáP‡R-Ú-ܨÝÈ. ևÇ-Wˆãà-Ëí¨‡-ÄWˆ ¿ááÈãà±… ʇáñ‡á¤ Aʈá-Ä-PÝ-¨‡‰È ËhÝn-®‡-¨‡‰È Añ‡áÂ-ñ‡¤Ê‡á ÓÝ«‡®ˆ ñˆãàÄ-¨‡-ʇ-ÄWˆ ¯àv‡-ÇÝ-W‡áʇ Ö‡Æʇâ Eñ‡¢Ð‡u ±‡Å͇-Ô¤-W‡Ù‡á ÔQRʈ. A‰È®‡ Ö‡Æʇâ Ë͇Ì-Ë-¨ÝÂ-¯-Æ-¿á-W‡Ù‡á WèÇʇ vÝP‡r-Èàp… ¯àw WèÇ-Ë-Ôʈ. »ÝÇñ‡ P‡ãv‡ ×í¨ˆ ¹Ü©‰Æ.

±‡¨‡¾Ë-»‡ã-Ї| QÄào CʇÇ ʇááw-Wˆà-Ä-¨ˆ-¿á-‰Æ¨ˆ, ±‡íhݸ…, PˆãàÆRñ‡¤ ʇáñ‡á¤ ¨ˆÖ‡È Ë͇Ì-
Ë-¨ÝÂ-¯-Æ-¿á-W‡Ù‡ã WèÇʇ vÝP‡r-Èàp… ¯àwʈ. DWÝ-W‡Çˆà CʇÇ Ó‡áʇÞÇá I®‡ã-ÇP‡ãR Öˆbc®‡ Ó‡í͈ãà-«‡®Ý ±‡ÅŸí«‡-W‡Ù‡á iàʇ-ÍÝ-Ó‡÷-Ljãà-P‡-¨‡‰È ÖˆãÙˆ-¿ááʇ A«ÝÂ-¿á-W‡-ÙÝ-Xʈ.

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Aʇâ-W‡-ÚWˆ ʇáܨ‡á Ö‡áv‡á-P‡áʇ ¿áñ‡°-W‡Ù‡ã ®‡vˆ-©Êˆ.