ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé ±‡vˆ¨‡W‡ÚWˆ& Ó‡íÓ‡ñ… »‡Ê‡®‡¨‡ G¨‡áÇá Ó‡í»‡Åʈãà‰ÇÝÓ‡

ÈçÈ-®ˆã-Ù‡Wˆ a‡Ä-ñˆÅÁáà? Aa‡cÄ ¸ˆàv‡. ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé Ó‡íWÝÅ-ʇᨇ ÖˆãàÃÝ-o, B«‡á-¯P‡ »ÝÇ-ñ‡¨‡ A¼-ʇê-©œ¿á®‡á° ¹í-¹-Ó‡á-ʇ ÈçLjãí¨‡á ÃÝg¨‡ ÃÝg-«Ý¯ ¸ˆíW‡-Ù‡ãÇá ʇáñ‡á¤ ‘ÓÝíÓ‡¢-£P‡ ÃÝg-«Ý¯’ ʈáçÓ‡ãÄW‡ã ŸÃ‡-Ȩˆ.

Ö‡®ˆã°í¨‡á ¸ˆãàXW‡Ù‡ D ÈçÆá ¨ˆà͇¨‡ a‡ÄñˆÅ Öˆãñ‡á¤ ¨ˆàÍݨ‡Âíñ‡ Ó‡áñݤv‡á-£¤¨ˆ. C£¤à-aˆWˆ ʇáíW‡-Ù‡ãÄW‡ã Ÿí©Ü¨‡ ÈçÈ®ˆãÙ‡Wˆ C|áQ ®ˆãàw¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á Aa‡c-Ä- 

±‡Å¥‡Ê‡á ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Å騇 150®ˆà ʇÐÝìa‡Ã‡Oˆ, »‡W‡ñ… ÔíW… g®‡¾Í‡-ñݹœ 60®ˆà ÓÝÌñ‡íñˆãÅéàñ‡Õ-ʇ¨‡ ®ˆ®‡²WÝX ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé Ó‡íWÝÅʇá ʇáñ‡á¤ B«‡á¯P‡ »ÝÇñ‡¨‡ ÓÝ«‡®ˆW‡-Ù‡®‡á° ¹í¹Ó‡áʇ bñ‡Å&ʇÞ×£-Öˆãñ‡¤ ‘BhÝ© GP…Õ±ˆÅÓ… ÈçÆá’ ¨ˆàÍÝ-¨‡Âíñ‡ Ó‡íaÝÇ ÖˆãÇq¨ˆ. A¨‡á- D £íW‡Ù‡ ʇáãÇ®ˆà ÊÝǨ‡‰È  ¸ˆíW‡Ù‡ãÇá, ʈáçÓ‡ãÄW‡ã  »ˆàq ¯àv‡È¨ˆ.

Wˆãíw-ܨÝÈ. C£-ÖÝ-Ӈʇ®‡á° Öˆãñ‡¤ ‘BhÝ-© GP…Õ-±ˆÅÓ…’ ÖˆÓ‡-Ä®‡ D ÈçÈ-®‡‰È H®ˆ‰Æ CÇ-ŸÖ‡á¨‡á?

»ÝÇ-£à¿á ÈçÇˆÌ , ÊÝñÝì ʇáñ‡á¤ ±‡ÅÓÝÇ Ó‡b-ÊÝÆ¿áW‡Ù‡ gíq ±ÝÅÁãà-g-P‡-ñ‡Ì-¨‡‰È ±‡Å¥‡Ê‡á ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé Ó‡íWÝÅ-ʇᨇ 150®ˆà ʇÐÝì-a‡-ÇOˆ, ÍÝ×ਅ »‡W‡-ñ…-ÔíW… AʇÇ g®‡¾ ͇ñݹª ÖÝW‡ã 60®ˆà ÓÝÌñ‡íñˆãÅéàñ‡Õʇ¨‡ ®ˆ®‡-²®‡‰È D Ó‡íaÝÄ ÃˆçÆá ±‡ÅÊÝÓ‡ ÖˆãÇ-q¨ˆ. »ÝÇ-ñ‡¨‡ ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé ÖˆãàÃÝ-o¨‡ C£-ÖÝÓ‡ 1947Ç ®‡íñ‡Ã‡ Ö‡áqr-¨‡-ʇ-ÄWˆ K©, PˆàÚ Wˆãñ‡¤Ðˆrà.

 ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé ÖˆãàÃÝ-o¨‡ ±‡ÅʇááS Zo-®ˆ-W‡Ù‡ bñ‡ÅW‡-Ù‡®‡á° ËàQÒ-Ô¨‡Ê‡Ã‡ Ó‡íTˆÂ¿áã Añ‡ÂƳ.

ÈçÈ®‡ JÙ‡-®ˆãào

AhÝ© ÈçÈ-®‡-‰ÈÇáʇ ÓÝË-ÃÝÇá bñ‡Å-W‡Ù‡á ʇáñ‡á¤ AʇâW‡Ù‡á Ëʇ-Ç-W‡Ù‡á ®ˆãàv‡áW‡-Ç®‡á° ‘C£-ÖÝÓ‡’ PÝÆ-PˆR- Pˆãívˆã-¿ááÂñ‡¤Êˆ. ¹Åq-ЇÇ ËÇᨇœ ®‡vˆ¨‡ ÖˆãàÃÝ-o-W‡Ù‡ A±‡äʇì -b-ñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡á ʈáç gáʈá¾-¯Ó‡á-ʇí£Êˆ. 

 1857Ç Êˆã¨‡Æ ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé Ó‡íWÝÅ-ʇáPˆR Ó‡íŸí˜-Ô¨‡ bñ‡Å-W‡Ù‡á, ¨‡íWˆ-¿á‰È ±‡Åʇáá-S- ±Ýñ‡Å-ʇ-×-Ôܨ‡ Aí©-®‡ ¸ÝÇ-P…-±‡âÇ, ËáàÇñ…, ÆTˆã°à ʇáñ‡á¤ ¨ˆÖ‡È ®‡W‡-Ç-W‡Ù‡ dÝ¿Þbñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡á C‰Èʈ. D ®‡W‡-Ç-W‡Ù‡á, ÖˆãàÃÝ-oW‡Ù‡ P‡ÇÝ-ñ‡¾P‡ P‡pè-p…-W‡Ù‡á, ŸêÖ‡ñ… bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡á, «‡Ì¯ ÖÝW‡ã ¨‡ê͇Â-Çã-±‡P‡W‡Ù‡á ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé ÖˆãàÃÝ-o¨‡ ®ˆ®‡-±‡â-W‡-Ù‡®‡á° -ñ‡í¨‡á-Pˆã-v‡áñ‡¤Êˆ.

¨‡íw-¿ÞñˆÅ¿á ®ˆãào

ÈçÈ®‡ GÇ-v‡®ˆ Ë»Ý-W‡-¨‡‰È 90 ʇЇì-W‡Ù‡ ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé a‡Ù‡-ʇ-Ú¿á bñ‡Å|˨ˆ. ¹Åq-ЇÇ ËÇá-¨‡œ Óˆ|-ÓÝ-w¨‡ ˜àÈãà-¨Ýñ‡¤ ®Ý¿á-P‡Ã‡á, AʇÇ ÖˆãàÃÝ-o¨‡ ËË«‡ »‡íX-W‡Úʈ. ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡ÅéPˆR Ó‡íŸí˜-Ô-¨‡íñˆ P‡áñ‡ã-Ö‡-Æ-PÝÄ Ê‡Ó‡á¤W‡Ù‡á, ñÝÂW‡ ŸÈ-¨Ý-®‡-W‡Ù‡ bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡®‡á° P‡áÄñ‡ Ó‡íQ±‡¤ ʇÞ×-£-W‡Ù‡á C‰Èʈ.

WÝí˜à-i-¿áʇÇ iàʇ-®‡PˆR Ó‡íŸí˜-Ô¨‡ bñ‡Å-W‡Ù‡á, AʇÇ Pˆç ŸÃ‡Ö‡, »ÝÇ-ñ‡¨‡ Êˆã¨‡Æ Ó‡bʇ Ó‡í±‡âo¨‡ Ó‡¨‡-Ó‡ÂÇá, Êˆã¨‡Æ a‡á®Ý-ʇ-Oˆ-¿á ʇáñ‡¨Ý®‡¨‡ ¨‡ê͇Â-W‡Ù‡á, ®ˆÖ‡-Çã AʇÇ A±‡-Çã-±‡¨‡ »‡íX-W‡Ù‡á, -»‡-W‡ñ… ÔíW…, E²³®‡ Ó‡ñÝÂ-W‡ÅÖ‡, ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Åé a‡Ù‡-ʇ-Ú¿á ±‡£ÅPÝ Ê‡Ã‡-©-W‡Ù‡á, IG®…G Óˆà®Ý-¯-W‡Ù‡ hˆãñˆ Ó‡á»Ý-͇cí¨‡Å ¸ˆãàÓ… Ö‡ÐÝìa‡-ÇOˆ, PˆãÆR-ñݤ¨‡ Pˆãàʇáá-W‡-Æ»ˆ ʇáãÆ dÝ¿Þb-ñ‡Å-W‡Ù‡á W‡Ê‡á®‡ -ÓˆÙˆ-¿áá-ñ‡¤Êˆ.

ÈçÆá ñ‡vˆ ®‡vˆÔ¨‡ P‡Ò|...

1857Ç  H²ÅÇ… 8Ã‡í¨‡á ¸ÝÂÇ-P…-±‡â-Ç-¨‡‰È ʇáíW‡-Æ-±Ýívˆ-¿á®‡á° ®ˆà~-Wˆà-Ä-Ô¨‡ ʇáÇʇ®‡á° P‡ãv‡ bñ‡Å¨‡‰È PÝ|-Ÿ-ևᨇá. ×àWˆ ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Â Ó‡íWÝÅ-ʇᨇ ÓÝËÃÝÇá Ó‡íW‡-£-W‡Ù‡á C‰È A®Ý-ʇ-Ç-|-Wˆãíwʈ.

»ÝÇñ‡¨‡ ֈʈá¾: ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Â¨‡ ®‡íñ‡-Ǩ‡‰È ¨ˆà͇ P‡ív‡ A»‡ãñ‡-±‡äÊ‡ì ¿á͇ӇáÕ, ¸ÝÖ‡Â-PÝ͇ ñ‡íñ‡Å-hÝn®‡ PˆÒàñ‡Å-¨‡‰È ʇÞw¨‡  ÓÝ«‡®ˆ. ËáÈ-oÄ, ÊÝ¿áá-±‡vˆW‡Ù‡ ±‡ÅʇááS Öˆhˆj W‡áÇá-ñ‡áW‡Ù‡á, ÎP‡Ò|, BÈãàW‡Â, PˆçWÝ-ÄPˆ, P‡êÑ PˆÒàñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡ ÓÝ«‡-®ˆ-W‡Ù‡ bñ‡Å-|ʇ®‡á° D ±‡Å¨‡-͇쮇 JÙ‡-Wˆãíw¨ˆ.

ʇáíW‡Ç…±Ýívˆ AʇÇ®‡á° -®ˆà~WˆàÄÔ¨‡ ʇáÇ˨‡á

±‡Å¨‡-͇ì-®‡¨‡ hˆãñˆWˆ PˆàÊ‡Æ 40 WÝÅí ñ‡ãP‡¨‡ ‘ÄàÇ… ÔÇ…R’ ÔàÈ-¿á®‡á° ®ˆãàv‡-Ÿ-ևᨇá. Ö‡|-Ë-ܨ‡Ãˆ ÔàÈ SÄà-©Ó‡Ÿ-ևᨇá.

PˆÆʈà W‡ípˆ-W‡-Ù‡-‰È ¨ˆà͇¨‡ C£-ÖÝÓ‡¨‡ ÔíÖÝ-ʇ-Ljãà-P‡®‡ ʇáñ‡á¤ ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Å騇 ÖˆãàÃÝ-o¨‡ ®‡vˆ¨‡ ±‡ÅʇááS Ó‡§Ù‡W‡-Ù‡®‡á° Ӈᣤ- Ÿí¨‡ A®‡á-»‡Ê‡ ¯àv‡áʇ D Ë͈àЇ ÈçÆá Ÿíw g®‡-Ê‡Ä 23Ã‡í¨‡á ʈáçÓ‡ã-ÄW‡ã, A®‡íñ‡Ã‡ ¸ˆíW‡-Ù‡ã-ÄW‡ã ŸÃ‡-Ȩˆ. ®ˆãàw B®‡í©Ô. ʇáP‡R-Ù‡®‡ã° P‡Ãˆ-¨ˆã¿áÂÆá ʇáÈ-¿á-©Ä.