ËaÝÇ Ó‡íQ|ʈäí¨‡Ã‡ Ó‡ÆáÊÝX CoÈ&ËáÇÝ®…&Èãàʇå…&ÊÝÂqP‡®…Wˆ ÖˆãàW‡¸ˆàP‡á Gí¨ˆãv‡®ˆ ®‡®‡Wˆ ®ˆ®‡±Ý¨‡¨‡áª A‰È®‡ ´‡âp…¸ÝÇ… PˆÅàh…, ´ÝÂЇ®…²Å¿áñˆ, «ÝËáìP‡ ÖÝW‡ã I£ÖÝÔP‡ Ó‡§Ù‡W‡Ù‡á. hˆãñˆWˆ ‘Èãàʇ兮‡‰È Èãàʇᮅ®‡ ÖÝWˆ CÇᒠGíŸ ®Ý|á¡w. ®Ýʇâ CoÈ¿á‰È C¨‡ª¨‡áª PˆÆÊˆà ©®‡. AƳ Aʇ˜¿á‰È A‰È®‡ ±‡ÅʇááS ñÝ|W‡ÚWˆ, I£ÖÝÔP‡ Ó‡§Ù‡W‡ÚWˆ »ˆàq ¯àw¨‡ ñ‡ƒ²¤ ÔQRñ‡á. CoÈ ÖÝW‡ã »ÝÇñ‡¨‡ Ô§£&W‡£, g®‡& iàʇ®‡, «ÝËáìP‡ ®‡íŸáWˆW‡Ù‡á CñÝ©W‡Ù‡ ®‡v‡áʈ CÇáʇ ÓÝʇáÂñˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° P‡ív‡á A͇c¿áìʇä BÀáñ‡á. ÓÝʇޮ‡ÂÊÝX ±ÝÎcʇÞñ‡Â ¨ˆà͇W‡ÚWˆ »ˆàq ¯àw Ÿí¨‡ ŸÖ‡áñˆàP‡ ʇáí© ®‡Ê‡á¾‰È‰Æ¨‡ Ó‡Ìa‡fñˆ¿á ŸWˆY ÎÔ¤®‡ ŸWˆY Ӈʇá¿á ±ÝÆ®ˆ¿á ŸWˆY, Ó‡ÌƳ Öˆaˆcà G¯Ó‡áʇЇár ʈ„»‡ËàP‡Ã‡|©í¨‡ ñ‡áÆ®ˆ ʇÞv‡áʇ⨇á ÓÝʇޮ‡Â.  CoÈ Ó‡Ö‡ C¨‡PˆR ÖˆãÇñ‡‰Æ. B¨‡Ãˆ C‰È¿áã ®‡Ê‡á¾ ¨ˆà͇¨‡ ÖÝWˆ Çӈ¤  PÝʇáWÝÄW‡Ù‡á ®‡vˆ¿ááñ‡¤Êˆ. C‰È¿áã WˆãàvˆW‡ÚWˆ  ±ˆäàÓ‡rÃ…W‡Ù‡®‡á° AíqÓ‡áñݤÈ. C‰È®‡ A±‡ÃÝ«‡ gW‡£¤®‡ ±ˆÅàÇ~ ±‡vˆ¨‡á God Father®‡íñ‡Ö‡ a‡Æ®‡bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡á ñ‡¿ÞÃÝW‡áñ‡¤Êˆ. «‡Ê‡áì ÃÝgQà¿á¨ˆãí©Wˆ ñ‡Ù‡áP‡á ÖÝQPˆãíw¨ˆ. C‰È¿áã «ÝËáìP‡ ®‡íŸáWˆW‡Úʈ, ʇáãy‡®‡í¹PˆW‡Úʈ, Aí«‡Í‡Å¨ˆœW‡Úʈ. E¨ÝևÇ~Wˆ C‰È pˆÅË GíŸ Ó‡áí¨‡Ã‡ PˆãÙ‡ ¯ËáìԨݪÈ. D PˆãÙ‡PˆR ¸ˆ®‡á°ÖÝQ ¯íñ‡á ŸÆ»‡ág¨‡ P‡vˆÀáí¨‡ Jí¨‡á ®Ý|Âʇ®‡á° D PˆãÙ‡¨‡‰È GÓˆ¨‡Ãˆ ÖÝWˆ GÓˆ¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á ʇáñˆ¤ Èãàʇå…Wˆ ŸÃ‡áñݤÈ ʇáñ‡á¤ ËÊÝÖ‡ÊÝXÇáʇʇÇá ʇáãÃ‡á ®Ý|ÂW‡Ù‡®‡á° GÓˆ¨‡Ãˆ ËÊÝÖ‡ Ëaˆfਇ®‡ ÔW‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ GíŸ ®‡í¹Pˆ C¨ˆ. ®Ýʇâ Öˆãà¨ÝW‡ PˆãÙ‡¨‡ Ó‡áñ‡¤ g®‡Êˆäà g®‡. PˆÆ ©®‡W‡Ù‡ ×í¨ˆ Ó‡§Úà¿á ÃÝgPÝÇ~W‡Ù‡®‡á° ±‡Å£»‡qÓ‡Æá D PˆãÙ‡¨‡ ¯àÄWˆ ¿ÞÈãà ®ˆñ‡¤Ä®‡ A¥‡ì ŸÃ‡áʇíñˆ Pˆí±‡â Ÿ|¡ ¸ˆÃˆÔ¨‡Ã‡íñˆ. D PˆãÙ‡¨‡‰È Ö‡| Ó‡íW‡ÅÖ‡Oˆáíñ‡ã hˆãàÇá. A¨‡®‡á° PˆãÙ‡¨‡ ¯Ê‡ìÖ‡OˆWˆ E±‡ÁãàXÓ‡áñݤÇíñˆ. ËáÇÝ®…®‡ ¿ááʇ g®ÝíW‡¨‡ Pˆà͇ˮÝÂÓ‡, Ev‡á±‡â G‰Æʇä ʈ„Ë«‡Âʇá¿á. D ´ÝÂЇ®… Ó‡íÓ‡¢£Wˆ ±‡âñ‡§Ú GíŸíñˆ WÝÂÈÄ¿Þ GíŸ Ê‡áÚWˆ C¨ˆ. ±‡Å±‡ía‡¨‡ Añ‡Âíñ‡ ¨‡á¸ÝÄ ¸ÝÅéív… ʇӇá¤W‡Ù‡ ʇáÚWˆW‡Ùˆ‰Æʇä CÇáʇ⨇á C¨ˆ PÝí±ˆÉP…Õ®‡‰È. D PÝí±ˆÉP…Õ ÊˆáàÇݽW‡¨‡‰È ®ÝÆáR Sív‡W‡Ù‡®‡á° ±‡Å£¯˜Ó‡áʇ ʈãÓÝÂP…®‡ ŸêÖ‡ñ… EŸáºÎƳW‡Úʈ. Çӈ¤Àáí¨‡ ¯íñ‡á ®ˆãàw¨‡Ãˆ Cʇ⠱ˆàíqíW…®‡íñˆ PÝ|áñ‡¤Êˆ. »ÝÇñ‡¨‡‰È C£¤àaˆWˆ Ÿí¨‡ ±ÝÅvˆã P‡í±‡¯¿á ʈ㨇Ʈˆ ʇáÚWˆ 1913Ç‰È AÃ‡í»‡ÊÝX¨‡áª D PÝí±ˆÉP…Õ®‡‰ÈÁáà. D PÝí±ˆÉP…Õ®‡ Jí¨‡á Ÿ©¿á‰È PÝÂ¥ˆv‡ÅÇ… a‡a…ì C¨‡áª, C®ˆã°í¨‡á Ÿ©¿á‰È Ë͈àЇ «‡Ì¯ ÖÝW‡ã ¸ˆÙ‡Q®‡ ʇÂʇӈ§ Öˆãí©Ã‡áʇ gW‡©ÌTÝÂñ‡ J±ˆàÃÝ ÖèÓ… ʇáãÂÔP… ÖÝÇ… C¨ˆ. WÝÂÆÄ¿Þ¨‡ ʇáñˆã¤í¨‡á Ÿ©¿á‰ÈÇáʇ PÝÂ¥ˆv‡ÅÇ… a‡a…ì A¨‡Ã‡ ʇӇá¤&ËÓݤÇW‡Úí¨‡ ¸ˆÃ‡W‡á ʇáãwÓ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. ±‡Å±‡ía‡¨‡ ʇáãÇ®ˆ A£ ¨ˆãv‡x a‡a…ì B¨‡ C¨‡®‡á° P‡orÆá AÇí¼Ô 500 ʇЇìW‡Ùݨ‡ ®‡íñ‡Ã‡ 1810Ç‰È ®ˆ±ˆäÈ¿á®… P‡qr ʇááXÔ¨‡. D a‡a‡ì®‡á° Aʇáêñ‡ÎLjÀáí¨‡ P‡orÇÝX¨ˆ. a‡a…쮇 JÙ‡»ÝW‡ ÁáàÓ‡áQÅÓ‡¤®ˆãí©Wˆ ÇÝÓ…r Ó‡±‡³Ã…®‡‰È ±ÝLjãYíw¨‡ª Óˆ„íp… ¸Ý£ìLjãàËá¿ÞÇ®‡á° iàʇ Ó‡×ñ‡ a‡Ê‡áì Ó‡áÈ¿ááʇ ÎûˆWˆ JÙ‡±‡wÔ¨‡ª®‡á° ʈá„PˆÇ… HígLjã ÎƳʇ®Ý°X Pˆ£¤¨Ýª®ˆ, C¨ˆÐ‡ár ®ˆ„gñˆÀáí¨‡ P‡ãw¨ˆ Gí¨‡Ãˆ ®‡Ã‡ ʇÞíÓ‡Sív‡W‡Ù‡ hˆãñˆ Ó‡áÈ¿áÇݨ‡ a‡Ê‡áì Ó‡Ö‡ hˆãàÇÝv‡á£¤¨‡áª ®ˆãàv‡áW‡Ã‡ ʈᄮ‡ËÈÚÓ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. ÃÝ~ ʇÞW‡ìÈpÝrÚWÝX gW‡£¤®‡‰ÈÁáà ʈãor ʈި‡Æ ¸ÝÄWˆ  ®Ý±ˆäÈ¿á‰È ²hÝjʇ®‡á° ñ‡¿ÞÄÓ‡ÇÝÀáñ‡á. Aí©¯í¨‡ Cí©®‡Ê‡ÃˆW‡ã ʇÞW‡ìÈpÝr ²hÝj   g®‡²Å¿áÊÝXÁá EÚ¨‡áPˆãíw¨ˆ. Ó‡áʇÞÇá ʇáãÇá ËáÈ¿á®… g®‡Ó‡íTˆÂ CÇáʇ Èãàʇ兮‡‰È ®‡W‡Ã‡iàʇ®‡ ¨‡á¸ÝÄ. C‰È¿áã PÝÃ… ±ÝQìíW… ӇʇáÓˆÂ. A¨‡PˆRà ‘Óݾp…ì’ GíŸ Ó‡|¡ PÝÇáW‡Ù‡®‡á° ÖˆaÝcX ŸÙ‡Ó‡Æá BÇí¼Ô¨ÝªÃˆ. ±‡Å±‡ía‡¨‡ A£ ¨ˆãv‡x a‡a…ì G¯ÔPˆãíwÇáʇ Óˆàíp… ²àoÃ…Õ a‡a…ì ñ‡®‡° AWÝ«‡ñˆÀáí¨‡ ®ˆãàv‡áW‡Ã‡®‡á°  ËÓ‡¾¿áWˆãÚÓ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. Èãàʇ兮‡ a‡P‡Åʇ£ì BW‡ ¸Ý¸ˆìĿᮇ°Ã‡ ¨ÝÚWˆ ÔÆáP‡©Ã‡Æá Èãàʇ兮‡ Ó‡áñ‡¤ ñ‡vˆWˆãàvˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° ¯ËáìÔܨ‡. Cʇâ Cí©W‡ã ÖÝWˆà Cʈ. CʇâW‡Ù‡®‡á° Ó‡í±‡ä|ì Pˆv‡Ê‡¨ˆ G‰Çˆ‰È ¸ˆàPˆãà A‰È ʇÞñ‡Å PˆãȨ‡á ÊÝÖ‡®‡ Ó‡íaÝÇPˆR A®‡áP‡ãÆÊÝW‡áʇíñˆ Ÿ¨‡ÇÝÀáÔ Pˆãíw¨ÝªÃˆ. DXàW‡ A±Ýp…ìʈáíp…W‡Ù‡á ñ‡ÇˆGñ‡á¤£¤Êˆ. gW‡£¤®‡ HÙ‡á A¨‡á½ñ‡W‡Ù‡‰Çˆãí¨Ý¨‡, Ó‡áʇÞÇá 50,000 g®‡ P‡áÚñ‡á ®ˆãàv‡ŸÖ‡á¨Ý¨‡ PˆãLjãÔ¿áÊ‡å… QÅàvÝíW‡| ʇáíñ‡ÅʇááW‡œÃ‡®Ý°XÓ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ.  PˆùÓ‡¤Ã‡ ±‡Ã‡Êˆãàa‡c W‡áÃ‡á ±ˆäà±… ÊÝÔÓ‡áʇ ÊÝÂqP‡®… ÔqWˆ ÖˆãÇpÝW‡ ®‡Ê‡á¾ £Ã‡á±‡£ £Ê‡á¾±‡³®‡ ®ˆ®‡ÊÝÀáñ‡á. HPˆí¨‡Ãˆ »‡P‡¤Ã‡ A£ Öˆa‡ác PÝ~Pˆ Ó‡íW‡ÅÖ‡ÊÝW‡áʇ⨇á ÊÝÂqP‡®… ¹orÈ ®‡Ê‡á¾ £Ê‡á¾±‡³®‡ Ó‡¯°˜¿á‰Çˆà. ÊÝÂqP‡®…W‡ã ±‡Åʈà͇ ±‡vˆ¿áÆá £Ã‡á±‡£¿áíñˆÁáà W‡ípˆW‡orLj PݿḈàP‡á. C‰ÈÇáʇ ʇӇᤠӇíW‡ÅÖÝÆ¿á Aa‡cÄ Ê‡áãwÓ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. ʇáãÂÔ¿áí JÙ‡»ÝW‡¨‡ ʈáàÇÝfʇ~¿á‰È P‡ÇÝ˨‡ ʈá„PˆÇ… HíhˆÇˆã ¹wÔ¨‡ A¨‡á½ñ‡ bñ‡ÅW‡Úʈ,  G‰Æʇ®‡ã° P‡|á¤í¹Pˆãív‡á »ÝÇñ‡PˆR ʇáÇهáÊÝW‡ pˆÅàË Ó‡ÃˆãàʇǨ‡‰È ®Ý®‡á ®Ý|  GÓˆ¨‡¨‡áª A¨ˆàPˆãà ®ˆ®‡²Wˆ Ÿíñ‡á.