A¨‡á P‡Ùˆ¨‡ ͇ñ‡Ê‡Þ®‡¨‡ 70Ç ¨‡Í‡P‡¨‡ BÃ‡í»‡. ʈáàÆÌW‡ì ʇáñ‡á¤ hÝ£W‡Ù‡ BpÝpˆãే¨‡‰È ®‡ÆáX G‰Æ ®Ý¿៨‡œ Ö‡P‡áRW‡Úí¨‡ ʇíbñ‡ÃÝXܨ‡, A±ÝÇ ͇Q¤¿á ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡®‡á° Ó‡íZqÓ‡áʇ ʇáñ‡á¤ D ʇW‡ìW‡ÚWˆ Ó‡‰Æ¸ˆàPÝXܨ‡ ±ÝÆ®‡á° Ó‡‰ÈÓ‡¸ˆàPˆíŸ Ö‡íŸÆ¨‡‰Èܨ‡ BX®‡ ʇááSÂʇáí£Å w.¨ˆàʇÃÝg AÇӇá C¨‡PˆãRí¨‡á ¨ÝÄWÝX Ö‡áv‡áPÝo ®‡vˆÔܨ‡Ã‡á. C¨‡Ã‡ ´‡ÆÊÝXÁáà P‡®ÝìoP‡ ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ Êˆã¨‡Æ BÁãàW‡ Ça‡®ˆWˆãíwñ‡á. ÆP‡Òš¾| ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá AʇÇ®‡á° D BÁãàW‡¨‡ A«‡ÂP‡ÒǮݰX ʇÞv‡ÇÝÀáñ‡á. ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá Ó‡Ìñ‡@ ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ì©í¨‡ Ÿí¨‡ ʈáà«ÝË. AË»‡iñ‡ «ÝÇÊÝv‡ i‰Çˆ¿á ÃÝOˆ¸ˆ®‡ã°Ä®‡ ŸÚ¿á Jí¨‡á Ó‡|¡ Ÿáv‡P‡qr®‡‰È (ÊÝȾàQ ®Ý¿áP‡) g¯Ô¨‡ (1925 ʇÞa…ì) ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá D Ӈʇáá¨Ý¿á¨‡ Êˆã¨‡Æ ±‡¨‡ËેÇ; Êˆã¨‡Æ Ê‡QàÆ. AP‡ÒÇPˆR Ö‡íŸÈÔ¨‡ Cí¥‡ Ӈʇáá¨Ý¿áW‡Úí¨‡ Ÿí¨‡ ʇÂQ¤W‡Ù‡á G¨‡áÄÓ‡¸ˆàPݨ‡ ±‡ÄÔ§£¿á®‡á° ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá G¨‡áÄÔ¨‡Ã‡á. ʈáàÆÌW‡ì ʇáñ‡á¤ ʈáàÇÝj£W‡Ù‡ ʇÂíW‡Â, P‡áÖ‡P‡, AʇֈàÙ‡®‡, A±‡Ê‡Þ®‡W‡Ù‡®‡á° «ˆç¿áìÊÝX G¨‡áÄÔ hÝn®‡Ê‡®‡á° ñ‡Ê‡á¾¨ÝXÔPˆãív‡ ÖÝʇ®‡ãÃ‡á ¯Ã‡W‡ìÙ‡ÊÝX CíXÉÐ… ʇáñ‡á¤ P‡®‡°v‡ »ÝЈW‡Ù‡‰È ʇÞñ‡®Ýv‡áʇ, ŸÃˆ¿ááʇ ÓÝʇ᥇ìÂʇ®‡á° ±‡vˆ¨‡Ã‡á. C¨‡QRíñ‡ ÖˆaÝcX D ʇá~¡®‡ ʇáP‡RÚWÝX bí£Ó‡áʇ, ñ‡®‡°í¥‡ ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ ±ÝwWÝX ʇáÇáW‡áʇ ևꨇ¿áʇí£Pˆ¿á®‡á° ¸ˆÙˆÔPˆãív‡Ã‡á. ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ BÁãàW‡¨‡ A«‡ÂP‡ÒÃÝW‡Æá J¨‡XŸí¨‡ AʇPÝ͇ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ P‡®‡Ó‡®‡á° ®‡®‡Ó‡á ʇÞv‡Æá ¨ˆãÇQ¨‡ Ó‡ÌOÝìʇPÝÍ‡Êˆí¨‡á AÊ‡Ã‡á »ÝËÔ¨‡Ã‡á. Cí¥‡ Jí¨‡á Ö‡íŸÆʈà PÝÇ|ÊÝX AʇÇá Ö‡W‡ÈÇáÙ‡á ¨‡áw¨‡Ã‡á. BW‡ BÁãàW‡Êˆí¨‡Ãˆ Öˆa‡ác ÓèÆ»‡ÂW‡Ú‰Æ¨‡ Ô§£. ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá HPÝíX¿ÞXÁáà D Ó‡ÊÝÆ®‡á° ÔÌàP‡ÄÔ ¨‡áw¨‡Ã‡á. 1975Ç ®‡ÊˆíŸÃ…®‡‰È ʇÇ©¿á®‡á° Ô¨‡œ±‡wÔ Ó‡PÝìÇPˆR Ó‡‰ÈÔ¨ÝW‡ a‡ÄñˆÅ¿á ±‡âoW‡Ù‡‰È A¨ˆãí¨‡á ʇáÖ‡ñ‡Ì¨‡ ¨ÝSLj¿ÞW‡ŸÖ‡á¨ˆíŸ P‡Æ³®ˆ ÖÝʇ®‡ãÃ… AʇÄWˆ CܩÇÇÝǨ‡á. D ʇÇ©¿á®‡á° ¨ˆàʇÃÝg AÇӇá AʇÇá, ‘×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ ¸ˆçŸÇ…’ Gí¨‡á P‡Ãˆ¨‡Ã‡á. ‘Aí¸ˆàv‡RÃ… AʇÇ ®‡íñ‡Ã‡ ÖÝʇ®‡ãÃ… AÊ‡Ã‡á  ÃÝÐ‡ó¨‡ C£ÖÝÓ‡¨‡‰È ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ ͈ÅàЇu ®Ý¿áP‡ÃÝX EÚ¿ááñݤÈ’ Gí¨‡á BX®‡ Ó‡bʇ G®….ÃÝa‡¿á ÍÝÉ\Ô¨‡Ã‡á. D ʇÇ© Añ‡Âíñ‡ ʈçhÝn¯P‡Êݨ‡ ʇáñ‡á¤ ËÓ‡õñ‡Êݨ‡ ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ A«‡Â¿á®‡. P‡®ÝìoP‡¨‡‰È ÓÝʇÞiP‡ ®Ý¿ᨇ Ö‡P‡R®‡á° hÝÄWˆ ñ‡Ã‡áÊÝW‡ D ʇÇ©¿á®‡á° P‡vˆW‡~Ó‡áʇ⨇á ÓÝ«‡Âʈà C‰Æ G®‡á°Ê‡Ð‡ár P‡ÃÝÇáÊÝPÝR¨‡ A«‡Â¿á®‡ C¨ÝXñ‡á¤. ʇááí¨ˆ ¨ˆàʇÃÝg AÇӇá AʇÇá D ʇÇ©¿á®‡á° hÝÄWˆãÚÔ¨ÝW‡ Jí¨ˆà ¸ÝÄWˆ P‡®ÝìoP‡¨‡ bñ‡ÅÊˆà Ÿ¨‡ÇÝX ÖˆãàÀáñ‡á. D ʇÇ© ‘ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá ʇÇ©’ Gí¨ˆà ±‡ÅÔ¨‡œÊÝÀáñ‡á. ÃÝÑóà¿á ʇáñ‡á¤ Aíñ‡Ã‡ÃÝÑóà¿á ±‡Ä|ñ‡Ã‡á D ʇÇ©¿á®‡á° ʇááP‡¤P‡ís‡©í¨‡ ÍÝÉ\Ô¨‡Ã‡á.  AÇӇá Ó‡PÝìÇ 1977Ç‰È ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá ʇÇ©¿á®‡á° A®‡áÐÝu®‡PˆR ñ‡í©ñ‡á. D ʇÇ©¿á A®‡áÐÝu®‡¨‡ ´‡ÆÊÝXÁáà ÃÝg¨‡‰È ÓÝËÇP‡áR Öˆa‡ác ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡,AƳӇíTÝÂñ‡ ʇW‡ì¨‡ ˨ÝÂ¦ì ¯Æ¿áW‡Ù‡á Óݧ±‡®ˆ¿Þ¨‡Ê‡â. ÓÝʇÞiP‡, ͈çP‡Ò~P‡, ÃÝgQà¿á ÓˆàĨ‡íñˆ A®ˆàP‡ PˆÒàñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡‰È ±‡Åʈà͇ʇ®ˆ°à ±‡vˆ¿á¨‡ A®ˆàP‡ ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ hÝ£W‡Ù‡á Êˆã¨‡Æ ¸ÝÄWˆ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ±ÝÈ®‡‰È Añ‡ÂƳ »ÝW‡Ê‡®‡á° ±‡vˆ¿ááʇ AʇPÝ͇ʇ®‡á° AÇӇá Ó‡PÝìÇ D ʇÇ©¿á A®‡áÐÝu®‡©í¨‡ P‡È³ÔPˆãqrñ‡á. AÇӇá Ó‡í±‡âo¨‡‰È ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá PÝ®‡ã®‡á, ӇʇÞg P‡ÇÝÂ|, ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡á ʇáñ‡á¤ AƳӇíTÝÂñ‡Ã‡ Ó‡bʇÃÝX ¨‡áw¨‡Ã‡á (1978&81). ÃÝg ˫ݮ‡ ±‡ÄЇñ… Ó‡¨‡Ó‡ÂÇá (1978&81 ʇáñ‡á¤ 1982&88), ÃÝgÂÓ‡»ˆ¿á Ó‡¨‡Ó‡ÂÇá (1977&78) BX ÖÝʇ®‡ãÃ‡á ¨‡P‡ÒñˆÀáí¨‡ PˆÆÓ‡ ʇÞw¨‡Ã‡á. ʇQàÈ Ê‡ê£¤Àáí¨‡ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ʇ꣤ iàʇ®‡Ê‡®‡á° BÇí¼Ôܨ‡ ÖÝʇ®‡ãÃ… B PˆÒàñ‡Å¨‡‰È¿áã ʇáÖ‡ñ‡Ì¨‡ ÓÝ«‡®ˆ¿á®‡á° ʇÞw¨‡Ã‡á. ¨‡QÒ| BµÅPݨ‡ Ó‡íË«Ý®‡Ê‡®‡á° Çã²Ó‡áʇ PÝ¿áìPˆR ®ÝW‡ÄP‡ Ö‡P‡áRW‡Ù‡ ʇQàÆÇ Ó‡Ëá£Àáí¨‡ BÖÝÌ®‡ ±‡vˆ©Ü¨‡ ÖÝʇ®‡ãÃ… A‰È¿áã ñ‡Ê‡á¾ Pˆãv‡áWˆ¿á®‡á° ¯àw¨‡Ã‡á. P‡®ÝìoP‡ Ó‡PÝìǨ‡ w.¨ˆàʇÃÝg AÃ‡Ó‡á ±‡Å͇Ԥ, vÝ.¹.BÃ….Aí¸ˆàv‡RÃ… ±‡Å͇Ԥ ÓˆàĨ‡íñˆ Ö‡Æʇâ WèÇʇW‡ÚWˆ ±Ýñ‡ÅÃݨ‡ ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá 2006Ç Óˆ±ˆríŸÃ… 15Ã‡í¨‡á ¯«‡®‡Ãݨ‡Ã‡á. «‡Ì¯ C‰Æ¨‡Ê‡ÄWˆ «‡Ì¯ ñ‡í¨‡áPˆãv‡áʇ⨇á Gí¨‡Ãˆà®‡á GíŸá¨‡®‡á° ñˆãàÄÔPˆãorʇÇá ÆP‡Òš¾| i.ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá. ÃÝÐ‡ó¨‡ C£ÖÝÓ‡¨‡‰È, ×í¨‡áÚ¨‡ ʇW‡ìW‡Ù‡ A«Ý¿ᨇ‰È ÖÝʇ®‡ãÇá AʇÄWˆ Jí¨‡á ÍÝ͇Ìñ‡ Óݧ®‡Ë¨ˆ.